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KMID : 0352720190430030442
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Journal of Ginseng Research
2019 Volume.43 No. 3 p.442 ~ p.451
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Mediation of antiinflammatory effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract from Korean Red Ginseng via retinoid X receptor α?peroxisome-proliferating receptor γ nuclear receptors
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Saba Evelyn
Irfan Muhammad
Jeong Da-Hye
Ameer Kashif
Lee Yuan-Yee
Park Chae-Kyu
Hong Seung-Bok
Rhee Man-Hee
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Abstract
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Background: Ginseng has a wide range of beneficial effects on health, such as the mitigation of minor and major inflammatory diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. There are abundant data regarding the health-enhancing properties of whole ginseng extracts and single ginsenosides; however, no study to date has determined the receptors that mediate the effects of ginseng extracts. In this study, for the first time, we explored whether the antiinflammatory effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) are mediated by retinoid X receptor α?peroxisome-proliferating receptor γ (RXRα-PPARγ) heterodimer nuclear receptors.
Methods: Nitric oxide assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, nuclear hormone receptor?binding assay, and molecular docking analyses were used for this study.
Results: Rg3-RGE exerted antiinflammatory effects via nuclear receptor heterodimers between RXRα and PPARγ agonists and antagonists.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that Rg3-RGE can be considered a potent antiinflammatory agent, and these effects are likely mediated by the nuclear receptor RXRα-PPARγ heterodimer.
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KEYWORD
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Antiinflammation, Ginseng, Peroxisome-proliferating receptor γ, Retinoid X receptor α, Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract
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